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In chiropractic, vertebral subluxation is a set of signs and symptoms of the spinal column. Those chiropractors who assert this concept (specifically, straight chiropractors) also add a visceral component to the definition. Chiropractors maintain that a vertebral subluxation complex is a dysfunctional biomechanical spinal segment which is fixated. Chiropractors additionally assert that the dysfunction actively alters neurological function, which in turn, is believed to lead to neuromusculoskeletal and visceral disorders.〔 The WHO acknowledges this difference between the medical and chiropractic definitions of a subluxation: medical doctors only refer to "significant structural displacements" as subluxations, whereas chiropractors suggest that a dysfunctional segment, whether displaced significantly or not, should be referred to as a subluxation.〔 This difference has been noted in the proceedings of the chiropractic profession's ''Mercy Center Consensus Conference'': "The chiropractic profession refers to this concept as a 'subluxation'. This use of the word ''subluxation'' should not be confused with the term's precise anatomic usage, which considers only the anatomical relationships."〔Haldeman, Chapman-Smith, Petersen. (Guidelines for chiropractic quality assurance and practice parameters ) p. 103.〕 The "specific focus of chiropractic practice" is the chiropractic subluxation.〔 Traditional chiropractic assumes that a vertebral subluxation or spinal joint dysfunction interferes with the body's function and its innate intelligence. The chiropractic vertebral subluxation complex has been a source of controversy since its inception in 1895 due to the lack of empirical evidence for its existence, its metaphysical origins, and claims of its far reaching effects on health and disease. Although some chiropractic associations and colleges support the concept of subluxation,〔 many in the chiropractic profession reject it and shun the use of this term as a diagnosis.〔〔 In the United States and in Canada the term ''nonallopathic lesion'' may be used in place of ''subluxation''.〔Robert D. Mootz, DC; Paul G. Shekelle, MD, PhD. (Chiropractic in the United States: Training, Practice, and Research )〕 In 2009, four scholarly chiropractors concluded that epidemiologic evidence does not support chiropractic's most fundamental theory. Since its inception, the vast majority of chiropractors have postulated that "subluxations" (misalignments) are the cause or underlying cause of ill health and can be corrected with spinal "adjustments." After searching the scientific literature, the chiropractic authors concluded: : "No supportive evidence is found for the chiropractic subluxation being associated with any disease process or of creating suboptimal health conditions requiring intervention. Regardless of popular appeal, this leaves the subluxation construct in the realm of unsupported speculation. This lack of supportive evidence suggests the subluxation construct has no valid clinical applicability."〔 In 2015, 8 internationally accredited chiropractic colleges: AECC, WIOC, IFEC-Paris, IFEC-Toulouse, USD-Odense, UZ-Zurich, UJ-Johannesburg and Durbin University of Technology made an open statement which included: "The teaching of the vertebral subluxation complex as a vitalistic construct that claims that it is the cause of disease is unsupported by evidence. Its inclusion in a modern chiropractic curriculum in anything other than an historic context is therefore inappropriate and unnecessary". This document is based upon and supports the theme of the World Federation of Chiropractic Educational Statement formulated in November 2014 at the Miami Education Conference.〔()〕 == History == In 1909 B.J. Palmer wrote that: : "Chiropractors have found in every disease that is supposed to be contagious, ''a cause in the spine''. In the spinal column we ''will'' find a subluxation that corresponds to every type of disease. If we had one hundred cases of small-pox, I can prove to you where, in one, you ''will'' find a subluxation and you will find the ''same conditions'' in the other ninety-nine. I adjust one and return his functions to normal... . There is no contagious disease... . There is no infection... . There is a cause internal to man that makes of his body in a certain spot, more or less a breeding ground (microbes ). It is a place where they can multiply, propagate, and then because they become so many they are classed as a cause." -- B.J. Palmer, ''The Philosophy of Chiropractic'', V. Davenport, IA: Palmer School of Chiropractic; 1909 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「vertebral subluxation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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